The Parisian club has now won the prestigious cup on fourteen separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward win in the showdown between the French league champions and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger opened the net early on.
However, the southern French side struck two times in the closing moments to seize a surprise lead. First, the English forward converted from the spot-kick, before the defender unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, the Portuguese striker grabbed a crucial equaliser in the dying seconds to force the contest into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the hero, stopping crucial kicks from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all scored successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a 4-1 shootout victory.
Now 14-time champions PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the 12th time in the last 13 seasons.